How to manage Stakeholders?
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Quote of the week
"Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win." — Sun Tzu
Always remember: The seeds of victory and defeat are sown well before the war is ever waged.
How to manage Stakeholders?
The saliency model
Using the salience model in project management involves a systematic approach to identifying, classifying, prioritizing, and engaging stakeholders based on their power, legitimacy, and urgency. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to use the salience model effectively:
Step 1: Identify Stakeholders
Action: Create a comprehensive list of all potential stakeholders. Tools: Brainstorming sessions, stakeholder registers, organizational charts, and project documentation. Goal: Ensure all individuals or groups that have an interest in or can affect the project are identified.
Step 2: Gather Information
Action: Collect detailed information on each stakeholder’s power, legitimacy, and urgency. Tools: Interviews, surveys, historical data, and stakeholder analysis tools. Goal: Understand each stakeholder’s potential influence, rightful involvement, and urgency of their needs.
Step 3: Classify Stakeholders
Action: Use the salience model to categorize stakeholders into one of the seven types based on their attributes. Categories:
Dormant Stakeholders (High Power, Low Legitimacy, Low Urgency)
Discretionary Stakeholders (Low Power, High Legitimacy, Low Urgency)
Demanding Stakeholders (Low Power, Low Legitimacy, High Urgency)
Dominant Stakeholders (High Power, High Legitimacy, Low Urgency)
Dangerous Stakeholders (High Power, Low Legitimacy, High Urgency)
Dependent Stakeholders (Low Power, High Legitimacy, High Urgency)
Definitive Stakeholders (High Power, High Legitimacy, High Urgency)
Step 4: Prioritize Stakeholders
Action: Determine the level of attention and resources to allocate based on stakeholder classification. Priority Levels:
High Priority: Definitive Stakeholders
Moderate Priority: Dominant and Dependent Stakeholders
Low Priority: Dormant, Discretionary, and Demanding Stakeholders
Step 5: Develop Engagement Strategies
Action: Create tailored engagement plans for each stakeholder group. Strategies:
Definitive Stakeholders: Regular updates, active involvement in decision-making, and prompt response to their needs.
Dominant Stakeholders: Scheduled meetings, detailed reports, and continuous engagement.
Dependent Stakeholders: Support and advocate for their needs, ensure they are informed, and involve them in relevant decisions.
Dormant Stakeholders: Monitor their power dynamics, keep informed with occasional updates.
Discretionary Stakeholders: Inform them about project progress, provide occasional updates.
Demanding Stakeholders: Address their urgent needs promptly but manage expectations about their influence.
Dangerous Stakeholders: Mitigate their risks, address their urgent concerns carefully, and manage their potential threats.
Step 6: Communicate Effectively
Action: Implement communication plans that align with the engagement strategies. Tools: Email updates, project meetings, stakeholder briefings, reports, and collaboration platforms. Goal: Ensure clear, timely, and transparent communication with all stakeholders.
Step 7: Monitor and Adjust
Action: Continuously monitor stakeholder dynamics and reassess their classification as the project progresses. Tools: Regular stakeholder analysis, feedback mechanisms, project management software. Goal: Adapt strategies to address any changes in stakeholder power, legitimacy, or urgency.
Example Implementation
Identification: List stakeholders such as clients, project team members, suppliers, regulatory bodies, and end-users.
Information Gathering: Conduct surveys and interviews to understand each stakeholder’s influence and concerns.
Classification: Use the gathered data to categorize stakeholders. For instance, a high-power client with urgent needs becomes a Definitive Stakeholder.
Prioritization: Focus on the client for frequent updates and involvement in key decisions.
Engagement Strategy: Schedule bi-weekly meetings with the client and send weekly progress reports.
Communication: Use project management tools like Slack or Microsoft Teams for regular updates and queries.
Monitoring: Review stakeholder influence and adjust engagement strategies during project milestones or significant changes.
By following these steps, project managers can effectively use the salience model to manage stakeholder expectations, enhance communication, and ensure project success.
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I'm a former middle school teacher that pivoted into project management and got my PMP using teaching experience. I wrote an ebook on the pmp application process and now help aspiring project managers with their application. I provide coaching for career changers, and also have a free resume template and pm resume example that has been downloaded more than 3200 times! I'm also the Instructor for Better Career's PM Job Accelerator Program, which provides resources, networking, and even the hours needed to apply for the PMP, through self-paced modules designed to accelerate your pivot into project management in 90 days!
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